22例附件扭转保留卵巢手术的临床经验分析

目的探讨附件扭转患者保留卵巢手术的安全性和可行性。方法回顾性分析于我院经手术确诊附件扭转行保留卵巢手术的22例患者的临床资料,并分析手术方案及预后情况。结果患者均成功实施了保留卵巢手术,术后无盆腔炎、肺栓塞等并发症发生;20例患者行腹腔镜手术,2例患者行开腹手术;平均扭转度数(523.64°±235.08°);平均出血量(17.50±11.21)mL;成熟畸胎瘤占多数,占比31.8%(7/22);合并早期妊娠2例,其中1例行开腹卵巢保留手术,现已足月顺娩,另1例行腹腔镜下卵巢保留术+人工流产术,术后40 d月经恢复正常;18例非妊娠患者术后12个月复诊,月经量及经期、周期与术前无明显变化,1例术后第2年足月妊娠剖宫产1女婴;2例月经前期女性,术后1~1.5年月经来潮,且月经正常;术后盆腔超声见患侧卵巢大小正常,有小卵泡或优势卵泡发育。结论附件扭转行保留卵巢手术,具有一定的安全性和可行性,最大程度地保留了年轻女性的内分泌及潜在生殖功能。     

获卵数低多囊卵巢综合征患者再次促排卵的妊娠结局及影响因素分析#br#

Objective?To investigate the impact of different ovulation induction protocols on the clinical outcomes and analyze related factors when polycystic ovarian syndrome(PCOS) patients whose number of eggs obtained last time equal to or less than five received the ovarian hyperstimulation treatment again. Methods?The retrospective analysis was made on the clinical data of 242 PCOS patients whose number of eggs obtained last time was equal to or less than five in in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer(IVF/ICSI) in the Reproductive Center of Peking University Third Hospital from January 2011 to December 2018 who received the ovulation induction treatment again. The amount of Gn used, the number of eggs obtained, and the pregnancy outcome of different ovulation induction protocols was compared. At the same time, the multi-factor linear regression analysis model was used to analyze the related factors affecting the accumulative live birth rate. Results?242 patients used the ultra-long protocol, long protocol, short protocol, and antagonist protocol for ovarian hyperstimulation. The number of eggs obtained was 12.46±2.66, 12.28±86, 10.64±1.77, 13.25±0.97, respectively. There was no statistical difference among different groups (P=0.780). The amount of Gn used and the number of days of use in the antagonist protocol group was significantly smaller than those of the ultra-long protocol and long protocol groups (P＜0.05). The amount of Gn used in the ultra-long protocol group was significantly bigger than that of the long protocol, short protocol, and antagonist protocol groups (P＜0.05). In 115 transplant cycles, the rate of embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy rate, and accumulative live birth rate of different ovulation induction protocols had no statistical difference (P＞0.05). The multi-factor regression analysis showed that the treatment method was the important affecting factor of the accumulative live birth rate (P＜0.05) and the number of eggs obtained was a mediating variable. Conclusion?For PCOS patients whose number of eggs obtained last time was not big, after another time of ovulation induction, the average number of eggs obtained maybe bigger than ten and an ideal reproduction assistance outcome could be achieved.     

不同妊娠期经阴道子宫颈环扎术后妊娠结局分析

Objective?To investigate the differences in pregnancy outcomes between the different transvaginal cervical cerclage. Methods?This retrospective study included pregnant women with cervical insufficiency admitted to Peking University People’s Hospital between January 2013 and September 2021. There were 37 patients in the study group underwent Shirodkar’s cerclage, and 32 patients in the control group underwent McDonald’s cerclage. The pregnancy outcomes were compared. Results?Compared with the control group, the study group showed more weight gain during pregnancy[(12.66±6.00) kg/m2, (9.21±5.79) kg/m2; P=0.022], long operation time [45 min(40-51.3 min) vs. 20.5 min (17.3-25.0), P<0.001] and later cerclage removal [36.71(36.14-37) vs. 34.43(24.32-36.75), P=0.003]. Gestational weeks at delivery in the Shirodkar group were more advanced than in the McDonald group[38.9 (36.3-39.8) vs.35.0 (30.1-39.0), P=0.005]. Compared with the McDonald group, the Shirodkar group had higher incidences of deliveries≥28 gestational weeks (91.9% vs. 68.8%, P=0.027), deliveries≥34 gestational weeks (81.1% vs. 59.4%, P=0.037), deliveries≥37 gestational weeks (67.6% vs. 37.5%, P<0.001), induced labor (43.2% vs. 12.5%, P=0.006), and fewer fetal loss (8.1% vs. 31.3%, P=0.017). Multivariate regression analysis of preterm birth factors showed that Shirodkar cervical cerclage was a protective factor to reduce the incidence of preterm birth(OR=0.063, 95%CI: 0.008, 0.492, P=0.008). Conclusion?Shirodkar cerclage appears to have advantages over McDonald cerclage in preventing fetal loss and a fewer frequency of preterm deliveries.     

E-cadherin在妇科三大恶性肿瘤中表达的意义及研究进展

E-钙黏蛋白（E-cadherin）是一种主要存在于人和动物上皮的黏附分子，主要功能是维持正常上皮细胞形态和结构完整性。现已在多种肿瘤研究中发现，E-cadherin表达的下调，极易造成肿瘤细胞向外周组织发生浸润和远端转移，但与E-cadherin相关研究在妇科恶性肿瘤中进展缓慢，E-cadherin在子宫内膜癌、卵巢癌和宫颈癌病变过程的调控机制尚不完全清楚，而且肿瘤的发生和发展是多因素作用的过程，需要进一步加强研究，该文章就 E-cadherin在妇科三大妇科恶性肿瘤中表达的意义及研究进展进行综述。     

疏肝补肾汤联合双丹养血胶囊治疗多囊卵巢综合征对卵巢储备功能和受孕功能的影响

目的研究疏肝补肾汤联合双丹养血胶囊治疗多囊卵巢综合征(PCOS)对患者卵巢储备和受孕功能的影响结局。方法选取PCOS患者96例,按照门诊就诊顺序,根据单双号分为研究组和对照组,每组48例。对照组予枸橼酸氯米芬胶囊,观察组予疏肝补肾汤与双丹养血胶囊,3个月经周期为1个疗程,连续2个疗程。比较两组研究对象治疗前及治疗后卵巢储备功能[基础卵泡刺激素(bFSH)、基础雌二醇(bE2)、抗苗勒氏管激素(AMH)水平、基础窦卵泡计数(AFC)]、卵泡状况(卵泡直径、体积)、卵巢间质血流动力学指数[搏动指数(RI)、阻力指数(PI)]和随访半年受孕率及不良事件率。结果研究组排卵率77.08%,低于对照组的81.25%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);受孕率72.92%高于对照组的41.67%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组bFSH水平低于对照组,bE2、AMH水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗后两组研究对象bFSH水平均低于同组治疗前,bE2、AMH水平高于同组治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组卵巢体积、卵泡数量、PI水平低于对照组,优势卵泡直径、RI水平高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗后研究组卵巢体积、卵泡数量、PI水平低于同组治疗前,优势卵泡直径、RI水平高于同组治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后对照组卵泡数量少于同组治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);而优势卵泡直径、RI高于同组治疗前,卵巢体积、PI小于同组治疗前,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。随访半年研究组不良事件3例、发生率6.25%,对照组11例、发生率22.92%,二者比较差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.751,P<0.05)。结论疏肝补肾汤联合双丹养血胶囊能有效改善PCOS患者卵巢储备功能,利于提高患者受孕率,且效果显著、安全可靠。     

粉防己碱调控miR-21表达抑制卵巢癌上皮间质转化的实验研究

目的研究粉防己碱(TET)调控miR-21表达抑制卵巢癌上皮间质转化(EMT)的作用。方法以人卵巢癌细胞(A2780细胞)、人卵巢透明癌细胞(ES-2细胞)和正常人卵巢上皮细胞(IOSE80细胞)作为研究对象,采用MTT法测定0、1.0、2.0、5.0、10.0、20.0μmol/L的TET对上述3种细胞增殖的影响。实验分为IOSE80细胞对照组、A2780细胞对照组、ES-2细胞对照组、A2780细胞TET组、ES-2细胞TET组,采用实时荧光定量PCR法(RT-qPCR)测定各组细胞miR-21表达水平;迁移实验和侵袭实验考察TET对细胞迁移和侵袭的影响;蛋白印迹法(Western blot)测定各组细胞GSK3β、p-GSK3β、β-catenin、E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vimentin蛋白表达水平。结果①与对照组相比,TET浓度在1.0～20.0μmol/L时,A2780细胞和ES-2细胞存活率随着TET浓度的增加显著降低(P0.05);为减少TET药物对细胞的毒性,采用TET对A2780细胞和ES-2细胞的处理浓度分别为5.0μmol/L和3.0μmol/L进行后续实验。②与IOSE80细胞组相比,A2780细胞对照组和ES-2细胞对照组miR-21表达水平显著升高(P0.05);与A2780细胞对照组和ES-2细胞对照组相比,A2780细胞5.0μmol/L TET组和ES-2细胞3.0μmol/L TET组miR-21表达水平、迁移能力、侵袭能力、GSK3蛋白磷酸化水平、β-catenin蛋白表达水平、N-cadherin蛋白表达水平、Vimentin蛋白表达水平明显降低(P0.05),E-cadherin蛋白表达水平明显升高(P0.05)。结论 TET可能通过下调miR-21表达水平,从而阻断Wnt/β-catenin信号通路抑制卵巢癌EMT。     

不同抗血小板治疗策略对非透析慢性肾功能不全患者冠状动脉搭桥术后胸廓内动脉及大隐静脉桥血管通畅率的影响

目的 比较阿司匹林联合替格瑞洛或者氯吡格雷的双联抗血小板药物治疗(DAPT)，对慢性肾功能不全患者冠脉搭桥手术（CABG）术后早期桥血管通畅率的影响。方法 我科接受CABG手术患者77例，随机纳入A组（阿司匹林+替格瑞洛）与B组（阿司匹林+氯吡格雷）。A组35例，B组42例。术后1年行计算机断层扫描血管造影（CTA）检查，评估桥血管通畅性。并随访主要心血管事件、出血事件发生情况。结果 随访期间7例失访。70例完成CTA检查，A组32例，B组38例。静脉桥血管通畅率A组显著高于B组（46/51 90.2% vs 42/56 75.0%，P=0.024）。小型出血事件发生率A组高于B组（P=0.022）。Logistic回归分析提示替格瑞洛+阿司匹林双联抗血小板治疗可以降低桥血管狭窄风险（OR=0.193, 95%CI=0.043 0.861，P=0.031）。结论 在CKD患者接受冠状动脉搭桥术后，DAPT替格瑞洛联合阿司匹林可能更好地维护静脉桥血管的通畅率，并未增加主要出血事件的风险。     

Andersen-Tawil综合征1例报告并文献复习

目的探讨Andersen-Tawil综合征(ATS)的发病机制及临床特点。方法回顾性分析1例ATS患者的临床表型。结果本例患者男,17岁,表现为低位耳,反复发作运动、饱食或无明显诱因下非对称性肌无力,入院期间肌无力发作时伴血钾降低;动态ECG提示频发室性期前收缩;EMG检查显示复合肌肉动作电位波幅在运动诱发试验运动后即刻上升6%,30 min下降17%,60 min下降25%,90 min下降35%;头颅MRI Flair示左侧额顶叶交界区脑白质内点状高信号影;基因检测(NGS)提示染色体17q24的KCNJ2基因出现错义突变:c.224C>T(p.Thr75Met),诊断为ATS。予补钾治疗后患者肌力恢复正常,出院后继续服用醋钾唑胺片,随访发现患者周期性麻痹的发作频率、严重程度及持续时间明显改善。结论ATS作为一个多系统累积的离子通道病,其临床表现高度变异,临床上要更加关注患者临床表型,从而有利于表型及机制的完善。